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A payment request times out at the gateway, so the client retries. Design the API so money moves exactly once.

Timeouts guarantee uncertainty, not failure: the first request may have succeeded after the client gave up. The idempotency key pattern is the industry answer; the scored details are storage, expiry and concurrency.

Updated Sep 2026 · Grounded in researched DevOps, SRE and platform engineering interview loops, written to a senior-engineer editorial bar, and never padded to hit a word count.

Timeouts guarantee uncertainty, not failure: the first request may have succeeded after the client gave up. The idempotency key pattern is the industry answer; the scored details are storage, expiry and concurrency.

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